On December 22, 2025, in Mirabelli v. Olson, the United States District Court, Southern District of California, issued a permanent injunction which, in part, prohibits the State from implementing or enforcing what have sometimes been referred to as “parental exclusion policies.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that charter schools can refuse to purchase religious curricular materials for their independent study programs.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that the federal Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (Age Act) does not apply to decisions about whether to admit applicants to medical residency programs.

In Health Freedom Defense Fund, Inc. v. Alberto Carvalho, et al. (9th Cir. July 31, 2025), Case No. 22-55908, __ F.4th __ , the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals determined that the Los Angeles Unified School District’s (LAUSD) now-rescinded COVID-19 vaccination requirement for employees did not violate constitutional law because it was rationally related to protecting the health and s

The Ninth Circuit recently issued an amended opinion in Adams v. County of Sacramento (9th Cir. 2005) 143 F.4th 1027, a case involving a former Sacramento County sheriff’s captain, and former Assistant Chief of Police for the City of Rancho Cordova, Kate Adams (Adams) who alleged she was forced to resign after allegations surfaced that she forwarded racist images via text message.

In two separate back-to-back recent decisions, California courts have given important wins to public employers in defending against employee whistleblower lawsuits under Labor Code section 1102.5.

In a recent decision by the California Fourth District Court of Appeal, a public school district successfully asserted immunity from liability from an employee’s discrimination claims based on being denied permission to work exclusively from home after the COVID-19 pandemic as a reasonable workplace accommodation.

On July 14, 2025, in State of New York, et al. v. McMahon, the U.S. Supreme Court granted a temporary stay of a preliminary injunction issued by a federal district court which had halted the United States Department of Education (U.S. DOE) from moving forward with the reduction of staff.

The Supreme Court has held that the parents of elementary school students challenging a school board’s introduction of LGBTQ+-inclusive storybooks, along with the board’s decision not to provide notice or allow opt outs, are entitled to a preliminary injunction.